• Measurement strategies consolidated around thresholds, recruitment, and speech-based audiometry, producing standardized tests and above-threshold diagnostics that shaped clinical practice [14][8][2][17][3][16].

• Loudness recruitment served as a key diagnostic and pathophysiological clue, driving recruitment-focused tests and differential diagnosis approaches [3][8][7][4][10].

• High-frequency hearing pathology and otosclerosis detection guided clinical pathology and early diagnosis strategies, shaping both disease understanding and screening [18][15][12][17].

• Stuttering and neurolinguistic processing were probed through grammar and speech-sound interactions, revealing context-dependent patterns in disfluency [5][6][11].

• Auditory adaptation and psychoacoustics focused on adaptation effects, loudness perception for pure tones vs speech, and pitch sensitivity [4][10][19].